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שורה 1: |
| − | The history of the world or human history is the history of humanity from the earliest times to the present, in all places on Earth, beginning with the Paleolithic Era. Distinct from the history of Planet Earth, world history encompasses the study of written records, from ancient times forward, plus additional knowledge gained from other sources, such as archaeology. Ancient recorded history[1] begins with the invention of writing.[2][3] However, the roots of civilization reach back to the period before writing—humanity's prehistory in the Paleolithic Era, or "Early Stone Age". Later, during the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, came the Agricultural Revolution (between 8000 and 5000 BCE) in the Fertile Crescent, where humans first began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals.[4][5][6] Agriculture spread until most humans lived as farmers in permanent settlements.[7] The relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed these communities to expand into increasingly larger units in parallel with the evolution of ever more efficient means of transport.
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| − | Grain agriculture, with its need to store food between growing seasons, enabled the division of labor, the rise of a leisured upper class, and the development of cities and with them civilization. The growing complexity of human societies necessitated systems of accounting, which led to writing.[8] Civilizations developed on the banks of lakes and rivers. By 3000 BCE, they had arisen in the Middle East's Mesopotamia,[9] on the banks of Egypt's River Nile,[10][11][12] and in the Indus River valley.[13][14][15] Similar civilizations probably developed along major rivers in China, but the archaeological evidence for extensive urban construction is less conclusive.
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| − | The history of the Old World (Europe in particular, but also the Near East and North Africa) is commonly divided into Antiquity, up to 476 CE; the Middle Ages,[16][17] from the 5th through the 15th centuries, including the Islamic Golden Age (c.750 CE – c.1258 CE) and the early European Renaissance; the Early Modern period,[18] from the 15th century to the late 18th, including the Age of Enlightenment; and the Late Modern period, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, including Contemporary History. In Western histories, the postulated "Fall of Rome" in 476 CE is commonly taken as signaling the end of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. In contrast, in Eastern Europe, there was a gradual transition from the Roman Empire into the Byzantine Empire, which didn't decline until much later. Around the year 1300 the European Renaissance[19][20] emerged. In the mid-15th century, Johannes Gutenberg's invention of modern printing,[21] employing movable type, revolutionized communication, helping to end the Middle Ages and to usher in the Scientific Revolution.[22] By the 18th century, the accumulation of knowledge and technology, especially in Europe, had reached a critical mass that brought about the Industrial Revolution.[23]
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| − | Elsewhere in the world, such as the ancient Near East,[24][25][26] ancient China,[27] and ancient India, historical timelines unfolded differently. Notable examples are China's Four Great Inventions, the Islamic Golden Age, and Indian mathematics. By the 18th century, however, due to extensive world trade and colonization, the histories of most world civilizations became tightly intertwined. In the last quarter-millennium, the growth of knowledge, technology, commerce, and of the potential destructiveness of war has accelerated, creating the opportunities and perils that currently confront the human communities that inhabit the planet.[28][29]
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| − | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_world History of the world]
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זהירות! דף זה חשוד בפעולות ספאם ולכן מועמד למחיקה. אם אתה חושד שפעולה זו שגויה, נא לעבור להיסטוריה של הדף ולשחזר אותו במידת הצורך.
עדכון אחרון לדף על־ידי תומר בתאריך 29/08/2012.
ישנם כעת 1,734 דפים מדווחים.
